注释（2/2）
8 “以自由的名义！”
1 ada zaoyski, holy adness: roantics, patriots and revotionaries, 1776–1871 (london, 1999), pp 413–17
2 stefan kieniewicz, ‘polish ciety and the surrection of 1863’, past and present , no 37 (july 1967), pp 130–48
3 rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 1182 (1864), l 32; norround: a history of pond , 2 vols (oxford, 1981), vol 2, pp 347–68
4 p l kazarian, chislennost’ i stav uchastnikov pol’skogo vosstaniia 1863–1864 gg v iakutskoi ssylke (yakutsk, 1999), pp 12–13; n p be sibirskikh rud k stoletiiu vosstaniia pol’skikh ssyl’nykh na krugobaikail’sko trakte (osw, 1966), p 10; l p rochevskaia, istoriia politicheskoi ssylki v zapadnoi sibiri vo vtoroi polove xix v (60-kh–80-kh godov) (tyuround , p 368
5 helena boczek, aleksander chaczewski, 1843–1923, i: zycie, orczo&347;c&263; i dzieje kolekcji (, 1993)
6 i p belokonskii (petrovich), po tiur’a i etapa: ocherki tiurenoi zhizni i putevye zaia, f 1286, op 38, d 467 (1877), l 34; rgia, f 1286, op 28, d 917 (1867), l 2; rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 229 (1864), ll 1–68; rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 99 (1864), l 18
7 rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 862 (1865), l 1
8 garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1 (1864), ll 17–18; l orihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri nerchskaia kata , vol 1, no 2 (novosibirsk, 1993), pp 156, 160–61, 167–9
9 entes, ‘siberian exile and the 1863 polish surrectionists aordg to rsian urces’, jahrbucher fur schichte osteuropas , vol 51, no 2 (2003), pp 203–4, 209; gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 177–8, 208–9; b s shostakovich, istoriia poliakov v sibiri (xvii–xix vv) (irkutsk, 1995), p 88
10 ntes, ‘siberian exile and the 1863 polish surrectionists’, p 205
11 be sibirskikh rud , pp 16–17; i n nikula, ‘pol’skaia politicheskaia ssylka na altai v xix v’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 415–16; e senov, ‘khoziaistvennaia deiatel’nost’ pol’skikh politicheskikh ssyl’nykh v zabaikal’e v 1860-kh–1880-kh gg’, vst’ , 2010, no 11, pp 131–3; ntes, ‘siberian exile and the 1863 polish surrectionists’, p 208
12 s v , 1900), p 361
13 be sibirskikh rud , p 15
14 rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 1182 (1864), ll 1–5, 14
15 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1760, d 23 (1864), ll 7–8; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1764, d 57 (1866), ll 18–19, 25–6
16 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1764, d 57 (1866), ll 35, 41–2
17 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1764, d 57 (1866), l 76
18 rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 1296 (1864), ll 21, 114–16, 127; rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 1189 (1864), ll 1–2
19 v a d’iakov, ‘peterburgskaia ofitserskaia anizatsiia’, rsko-pol’skie revoliutsionnye sviazi , 3 vols (osw, 1961–3), vol 1, pp 197–351; v a d’iakov, iarosv dobrovskii (osw, 1969), pp 46–7, 134; jerzy zdrada, jaros&322;aw doia, f 1282, op 1, d 140 (1863), ll 126–7 ob
20 d’iakov, iarosv dobrovskii , pp 139–40
21 rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 1481 (1864), ll 10–13
22 rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 1481 (1864), ll 15–15 ob; 29–29 ob
23 rgia, f 1286, op 25, d 1481 (1864), ll 34–41
24 andrzej walicki, ‘the svophile thkers and the polish estion 1863’, david l ransel and boz˙ena shallcross (eds), polish enunters, rsian identity (blooton, , 2005), pp 90–91; edyta bojanowska, ‘epire by nsent: strakhov, dostoevskii and the polish uprisg of 1863’, svic review , vol 71, no 1 (sprg 2012), pp 1–24; alexis e pogorelsk, ‘vestnik evropy and the polish estion the reign of alexander ii’, svic review , vol 46, no 1 (sprg 1987), pp 87–105; svetna ivanova, ‘obsuzhdenie ‘pol’skogo voprosa’ na stranitsakh periodicheskikh izdanii 60-kh godov xix veka’, rocznik stytutu polsko-rosyjskiego , 2012, no 1, pp 13–14; andreas renner, ‘defg a rsian nation: ikhail katkov and the ‘vention’ of national politics’, svonic and east european review , vol 81, no 4 (2003), pp 674–5; olga the rsian nation through cultural y (adin, wi, 2010), pp 94–127
25 d’iakov, iarosv dobrovskii , pp 150–51; a a kornilov, obshchestvennoe dvizhenie pri aleksandre ii (1855–1881) (paris, 1905), p 128
26 the tiielewicz, ‘echoes of the polish january risg “punch”’, the polish review , vol 8, no 2 (sprg 1963), pp 3–27; j h harley, ‘great brita and the polish surrection of 1863’, svonic and east european review , vol 16, no 46 (july 1937), pp 155–67; vol 16, no 47 (january 1938), pp 425–38; k s pasieka, ‘the british press and the polish surrection of 1863’, svonic and east european review , vol 42, no 98 (deceber 1963), pp 15–37
27 andrzej walicki, philophy and roantic nationalis: the case of pond (oxford, 1982), p 371; zaoyski, holy adness , pp 438–9
28 alice bulrd, exile to paradise: savary and civilization paris and the uth pacific, 1790–1900 (stanford, 2001), p 186; d’iakov, iarosv dobrovskii , chs 7–8; robert tobs, the paris une 1871 (london, 1999); alistair horne, the fall of paris: the sie and the h thoas, the spanish civil war (london, 1961), p 324
29 orndo fis, criaribal’diitsy na nerchskoi kate 1863–1867 gg’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), p 262
30 gul, ‘garibal’diitsy’, pp 262–3
31 k ferlej-bienska, nullo i jego towarzysze (, 1923), p 186; b g kubalov, ‘stranitsy iz zhizni garibal’diitsev v petrovsko zavode’, svet nad baikalo (un ude, 1960), no 4, pp 139–41
32 ferlej-bienska, nullo , p 137; b g kubalov, ‘n g chernyshevskii, e’, sibirskie ogni , 1959, no 6, pp 139–44
33 rozanna kazari, ‘n g chernyshevskii i garibal’diitsy iz bergao’, o b lebedeva (ed), obrazy italii v rskoi slovesnosti (toorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 146–7; edy siberia’, sewanee review , vol 34, no 3 (july–sept 1926), pp 329–38; gul, ‘garibal’diitsy’, p 271; gav jabn, ‘fraternity bat: an tellectual history of the republican tradition fro the republic of virtue to the republic of silence’, dphil dissertation, university of oxford (2015), pp 212–13
34 a s gul, ‘novye fakty k biografii a a kravskogo po arkhivnyibeli’, (aessed 3 arch 2014)
35 n bykhovskii, ‘“n katorzhnika” i ego avtor’, literaturnoe nasledstvo , vols 25–6 (orihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , p 150
36 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1760, d 23 (1864), ll 67–8; bykhovskii, ‘“n katorzhnika” ’, p 459
37 bykhovskii, ‘“n katorzhnika”’, p 459; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1760, d 23 (1864), l 67; v a d’iakov, ‘zapisnye knizhki a a kravskogo i v v khreshchetskogo’, revoliutsionnaia situatsiia v rossii 1859–1861 gg (osw, 1962), pp 418–22
38 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 149–50 [eal]
39 ibid, p 150
40 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1760, d 23 (1864), ll 67–8; ‘dukhovnoe zaveshchanie kravskogo’, krasnyi arkhiv , 1929, no 6, p 233
41 ‘dukhovnoe zaveshchanie kravskogo’, p 232; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1760, d 23 (1864), ll 67–8; gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 204–6
42 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 167–9
43 be sibirskikh rud , p 105
44 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , pp 173–4; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1766, d 65 (1866), ll 6–8, 42, 61–4
45 gaio, f 24, op 3, k 1766, d 65 (1866), ll 95–7
46 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka , p 175
47 a v volochaeva, ‘vidy truda na nerchskoi kate vo vtoroi polove xix v’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 237–40; ntes, ‘siberian exile and the 1863 polish surrectionists’, p 212
48 gaio, f 24, op 3, d 501 (1866), ll 60–120; ‘vosstanie poliakov v sibiri 1866 goda’, sibirskii arkhiv , 1912, no 3, pp 176–84; be sibirskikh rud , pp 121–31
49 ‘vosstanie na krugobaikal’skoi doro 1866 goda’, byloe , 1921, no 17, pp 134–5
50 entes, ‘siberian exile and the 1863 polish surrectionists’, p 213; a i rtsen, ‘pol’sha v sibiri i karakozovskoe delo’, ide, branie chenii , 30 vols (osw, 1954–65), vol 19, p 127
51 boczek, aleksander chaczewski
52 éile andreoli, ‘ clénce du tsar’, le tene en sibérie’, revue oderne , 1868, vol 48, p 163
53 andreoli, ‘de pologne en sibérie’, pp 124, 529, 748
54 ibid, p 748
9 库库什金将军的军队
1 v ibaihchie otbrosy rossii na sibirskoi pochve’, rskoe bogatstvo , 1895, no 7, p 49
2 a a vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka v zapadnuiu sibir’ v politike saoderzhaviia xix veka’, kandidatskaia diss (osk state university, 2008), p 204; n rafichesko, 1882), p 190
3 l orihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri nerchskaia kata , vol 1, no 2 (novosibirsk, 1993), p 139; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 773 ob
4 ‘ob izneniiakh poriadka raspredeleniia ssyeykh v sibir’ iz evropeiskoi rossii’, tiureolis, ‘chislennost’ i razshchenie ssyl’nykh v sibiri v kontse xix veka’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), p 37; n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’, 1872), p 363; an wood, ‘rsia’s “wild east”: exile, vagrancy and cri neteenth-century siberia’, ide (ed), the history of siberia fro rsian nest to revotion (london, 1991), p 124
5 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 351–5; wood, ‘rsia’s “wild east”’, p 120; andrew a ntes, exile, stoke, 2010), p 34; idee and the tsarist siberian exile syste: power and resistance the penal ndscape’, central asian survey , vol 30, nos 3–4 (2011), p 408; rgia, f 468, op 18, d 489 (1803), ll 1–12
6 e kennan, siberia and the exile syste , 2 vols (new york, 1891), vol 1, p 382; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 364, 415–17
7 ‘arestanty v sibiri’, vrennik , 1863, no 11, pp 169–74; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 385–95
8 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 438 (1831), l 1 ob; rgia, f 1149, op 3, d 114 (1842), l 5 0b; rgia, f 1405, op 83, d 2697 (1883), l 3; rgia, f 1149, op 3, d 74 (1848), l 2; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 363–4, 567
9 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 366, 371
10 rgia, f 1286, op 33, d 633 (1872), ll 1–18, 27–34, 39–43, 52–68
11 anton chekhov, sakhal isnd , trans brian reeve (london, 2007), p 306; rgia, f 1409, op 2, d 5247 (1828), ll 1–7
12 rgia, f 1286, op 5, d 650 (1830), ll 18–19; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 5, d 96 (1831), l 3
13 gaio, f 24, op 2, k 2619, d 233 (1884), l 50; iadrtsev, sibir’ kak koloniia , p 192; kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 2, p 156
14 rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 405 (1877), ll 1, 5, 10, 19, 22, 42; rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 348 (1877), ll 27, 31; rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 326 (1877), ll 3, 9, 10, 12, 16–17; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1455 (1890), l 8; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1000 (1883), ll 1–4
15 rgia, f 1286, op 33, d 529 (1872), ll 1, 6 ob–7 ob, 9, 58; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 374; rgia, f 1286, op 2, d 245 (1817), ll 1–2; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 70; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 302; s v , 1870), p 65
16 a , pp 47–8
17 rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 326 (1877), l 12; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 373–4
18 a , p 51; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 300 [transtion odified]
19 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 2, pp 154–5
20 ‘arestanty’, p 165; garf, f 122, op 5, d 64 (1879), ll 15–16 for siarf, f 102, 3 dp, op 77, d 1210 (1881), ll 1–6
21 a , p 86; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 593
22 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 594
23 ibid, pp 364–5, 463–4; gatovgt, f i378, op 1, d 59 (1829), ll 10–12; gaio, f 32, op 1, d 1020 (1881), ll 1, 11, 17, 42–42 ob
24 a , p 86; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 450–72
25 rgia, f 1149, op 2, d 99 (1838), ll 4–6
26 fyodor dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , trans david cduff (london, 2003), p 255
27 v ia kokov, rasskazy o kariiskoi kate (iz vospo, 1907), p 120
28 rgia, f 1149, op 3, d 74 (1848), ll 2–3
29 rgia, f 1405, op 83, d 2697 (1883), l 39; ssylka v sibir’ ocherk ee istorii i vre, 1900), p 277
30 rgia, f 1286, op 3, d 323 (1824), ll 43–43 ob; rgia, f 1286, op 30, d 1000 (1869), ll 2–11; rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 135 (1883), ll 1–12; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 609–10
31 rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 438 (1840), l 56; rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 341 (1840), l 5; abby es of the sh: rporal punishnt and identity iperial rsia (dekalb, il, 2002), pp 92–5
32 rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 438 (1840), ll 56, 60; rgia, f 1286, op 15, d 1293 (1855), ll 1–2
33 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 372, 438; a , p 49
34 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 71 (1835), ll 143–4; rgia, f 1286, op 33, d 369 (1872), ll 37–41; garf, f 102, o o, d 910 (1901), ll 9–10
35 gatovgt, f 378, op 1, d 62 (1829), ll 1–8; ia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 775; iadrtsev, sibir’ kak koloniia , p 193; s chudnovskii, ‘kolonizatsionnoe znachenie sibirskoi ssylki’, rskaia olovnaia ssylka’, p 197
36 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 194; a , p 83; i ia foitskii, na dosu sbornik statei, 2 vols (st petersburg, 1900), vol 2, p 430
37 ssylka v sibir’ , pp 265–6
38 vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka’, p 197; sibir’ , 17 augt 1875, no 8, p 6; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 775; arf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1059 (1884), ll 1–29; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1255 (1887), ll 1–10
39 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 387–8, 453
40 edund noble, ‘no arican siberia’, north arican review , vol 145, no 370 (sept 1887), p 327; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 618
41 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 566, 618; rgia, f 1286, op 22, d 1000 (1861), ll 1–3, 7–8; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 2601 (1893), l 1
42 rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 337; gatovgt, f 378, op 1, d 38 (1827), ll 18–21; foitskii, na dosu , p 409
43 ibaihchie’, p 48; a , p 69; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 447–8
44 rgia, f 1286, op 1, d 195 (1804), l 24; rgia, f 1286, op 1, d 120 (1805), l 3; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 71 (1835), ll 149 ob, 152; statisticheskie svedeniia o ssyl’nykh v sibiri za 1833 i 1834 gody (st petersburg, 1837), p 22
45 rgia, f 1652, op 1, d 197 (1877), l 10 ob; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 773; gaio, f 25, op 6, k 450, d 228 (1899), ll 5–7; gaio, f 25, op 6, k 452, d 335 (1899), ll 6–6 ob; rgia, f 1286, op 33, d 369 (1872), ll 5–6
46 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 449, d 185 (1898), ll 7–7 ob
47 sibir’ , 3 augt 1875, p 4; 31 augt 1875, p 1; 19 october 1875, pp 3–4; 9 january 1877, p 3; sibirskaia gazeta , 20 arch 1888, p 10; 26 ay 1888, p 11; vostochnoe obozrenie , 1889, no 47, p 7
48 rgia, f 1286, op 9, d 493 (1845), ll 1–38
49 sibir’ , 19 october 1875, pp 3–4; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 626; ‘sibirskaia bezopasnost’ v gorodakh i na dorogakh’, vostochnoe obozrenie , 1886, no 40, pp 1–23; zabaikal’skaia nov’ , 8 june 1907, p 4
50 a , p 46; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 485–7, 615–16; v ptitsyn, ‘zabaikal’skie razboiki’, istoricheskii vestnik , 1890, vol 40, pp 237–9
51 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 621–2; iadrtsev, sibir’ kak koloniia , pp 202–3; stephen p frank, cri, cultural nflict and jtice rural rsia, 1856–1914 (berkeley, 1999)
52 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 410–11; ideazeta , 20 a v sibiri’, i s l’nik (ed), sibir’: ee vre, 1908), p 224
53 sankt-peterburgskie vedoosti , 26 noveber 1871, no 326, vtoroi list, p 1
54 ssylka v sibir’ , pp 304–5
55 a , p 69; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 450–55; ia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 773
56 rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 52 (1813), ll 416–17
57 ibaihchie’, p 61; l l’sh [p f iakubovich], v o katorzhnika (st petersburg, 1896), p 168; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 499
58 sibirskaia gazeta , 29 april 1879, p 3; 16 january 1883, p 70; 31 arch 1885, p 325; kennan, siberia and the exile systea v sibiri’, p 222; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 492
59 rgia, f 1284, op 241, d 42 (1879), ll 154–6; ssylka v sibir’ , p 264
60 rgia, f 468, op 19, d 291 (1847), ll 5–7; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1455 (1890), l 14; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 310; a , pp 74–5; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 497; ibaihchie’, pp 47–8; a n krasnov, ‘na ostrove izgnaniia’, knizhka nedeli , 1893, no 8, p 166; kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 2, p 464; ssylka v sibir’ , p 263
61 rgia, f 1652, op 1, d 197 (1877), l 6 ob
62 sibirskaia gazeta , 12 october 1875, p 5
63 iadrtsev, sibir’ kak koloniia , p 205; ide, rskaia obshcha , p 500
10 萨哈林岛
1 vs doroshevich, kak ia popal na sakhal (osw, 1903), p 20
2 anton chekhov, sakhal isnd, trans brian reeve (london, 2007), p 234; n ia novo, 1903), p 94
3 richard wortan, ‘the rsian iperial faily as sybol’, jane burbank and david l ransel (eds), iton, , 1998), pp 60–86; williae, property and w te iperial rsia (oxford, 1994); pav iller, transforton, , 1998); san k orrissey, suicide and the body politic ie, 2006), ch 5
4 andrew a ntes, ‘“licentio girls” and frontier dosticators: won and siberian exile fro the te sixteenth to the early neteenth centuries’, sibirica , vol 3, no 1 (2003), pp 3–20
5 ichel foucault, disciple and punish: the birth of the prin , trans an sheridan (new york, 1995); rgia, f 1149, t 5, d 68 (1860), ll 16–17; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 758
6 abby e the siberian exile syste, 1822–1860’, svic review , vol 66, no 2 (suentes, ‘sakhal’s woy te iperial rsia’, ab iperio , 2003, no 2, pp 115–37
7 rgia, f 1149, t 5, d 68 (1860), ll 17 ob–18 ob
8 e n anuch, issledovaniia o protsente snnykh v sibiri’ v period 1827–1846 godov , 1873), p 310; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 427 (1828), l 14 ob; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 53 (1829), ll 161–2; statisticheskie svedeniia o ssyl’nykh v sibiri za 1833 i 1834 gody (st petersburg, 1837), pp 57, 64, 66–7
9 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 226; rgia, f 1652, op 1, d 197 (1877), l 2 ob; ssylka v sibir’ ocherk ee istorii i vre, 1900), appendices 2–3; a d olis, ‘chislennost’ i razshchenie ssyl’nykh v sibiri v kontse xix veka’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), p 32
10 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 51 (1828), l 186; ‘ss’’, zhurnal isterstva vnutrennykh del , 1833, part 5, no 8, pp 226–7
11 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 427 (1828), l 101; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 427 (1828), ll 116–18, 125 ob–128, 182; schrader, ‘unruly felons and civilizg wives’, pp 249–50; rgia, f 1286, op 7, d 341 (1840), l 36 ob
12 statisticheskie svedeniia o ssyl’nykh , p 67
13 olis, ‘chislennost’ i razshchenie ssyl’nykh’, p 31; schrader, ‘unruly felons and civilizg wives’, p 247
14 garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1534 (1891), ll 1, 7; gatovgt, f 330, op 2, d 157 (1890), ll 894, 1394–5
15 ‘tav o ssyl’nykh’, no 759, uchrezhdenie dlia upravleniia sibirskikh gubernii (st petersburg, 1822)
16 rgia, f 1286, op 8, d 426 (1841), ll 6–7, 16–17
17 rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 334 (1877), ll 1–7
18 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 234; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1154 (1885), ll 293–4
19 rgia, f 1405, op 90, d 7654 (1889), ll 2–4
20 rgia, f 1652, op 1, d 197 (1877), l 2
21 rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), ll 752–752 ob
22 rgia, f 468, op 39, d 105 (1857), ll 25–6 ob; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), ll 749–51; stephen g reat east: kuloz, peasant resettlent, and the creation of odern siberia’, stephen kotk and david wolff (eds), redisverg rsia asia: siberia and the rsian far east (new york, 1995), pp 23–39; donald w treadgold, the great siberian overnnt and peasant resettlent fro eancipation to the first world war (prceton, 1957), pp 67–106
23 rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 4236 (1882), ll 462–4; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), ll 337–8, 753–4; rgia, f 560, op 22, d 121 (1882), l 175
24 a p gork, ografiia rossii (osw, 1998), pp 515–16
25 andrew a ntes, ‘the stitution of rsia’s sakhal policy, fro 1868 to 1875’, journal of asian history , vol 36, no 2 (2002), p 1; ide, ‘no kd of liberal: alexander ii and the sakhal penal lony’, jahrbucher fur schichte osteuropas , vol 54, no 3 (2006), pp 328–43
26 bruce f adas, the politics of punishnt: prin reforia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), ll 751–7; ntes, ‘no kd of liberal’, p 340; ntes, ‘the stitution of rsia’s sakhal policy’, pp 5–6
27 rgia, f 560, op 22, d 121 (1881), l 176; ntes, ‘the stitution of rsia’s sakhal policy’, pp 4–6
28 konstant korabl, ‘kata na sakhale kak opyt pruditel’noi kolonizatsii’, vestnik dvo ran , 2005, no 2, p 75; gatovgt, f 152, op 35, d 362 (1885), ll 1–1 ob; vs doroshevich, sakhal , 2 parts (vno, 1891), p 153; a a plotnikov, ‘etapirovanie ssylnokatorzhnykh na ostrov sakhal vo vtoroi polove xix v’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 125–6
29 f avgtovich, zaentes, ‘the stitution of rsia’s sakhal policy’, pp 26, 28; d a dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii (iz lichnykh nabliudenii vo vre, 1898), pp 30–31; a p saloon, ‘o sakhale’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1901, no 1, p 21
30 anton chekhov, a life letters , trans and ed rosaund bartlett (london, 2004), p 225
31 ibid, pp 204–5
32 ibid, p 248; a p chekhov, ‘ostrov sakhal’, rskaia ysl’ , 1893, no 10, pp 1–33; no 11, pp 149–70; no 12, pp 77–114; 1894, no 2, pp 26–60; no 3, pp 1–28; no 5, pp 1–30; no 6, pp 1–27; no 7, pp 1–30
33 ntes, ‘sakhal’s won’, p 129; doroshevich, kak ia popal na sakhal , p 5
34 rgia, f 1374, op 6, d 1366 (1800), ll 1–19; l v poddubskii, ‘sakhalskie deti i ikh a i poselenie na o-ve sakhale neskol’ko shtrikhov iz zhizni rskoi shtrafnoi kolonii (pavlograd, 1903), p 113; cathy a friern, all rsia is burng! a cultural history of fire and arn te iton, 2002), ch 5; stephen p frank, ‘narratives with nubers: won, cri and judicial statistics iperial rsia, 1834–1913’, the rsian review , vol 55, no 4 (october 1996), pp 541–66; urie bernste, nia’s daughters: prostitutes and their regution iperial rsia (berkeley, 1995)
35 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 230; rgia, f 1286, op 4, d 413 (1828), l 12; rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 414 (1825), ll 4–5; i v efida kazennykh, vokurennykh zavodov, 1848–1853 gg (st petersburg, 1899), p 51; l l’sh [p f iakubovich], v o katorzhnika (st petersburg, 1896), p 17; dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , pp 32, 35
36 rgia, f 1149, op 2, d 97 (1837), l 14 ob; vasilii vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv shchestvuihchikh na kate (st petersburg, 1873), p 39
37 rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 1067 (1836), ll 134–5; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1154 (1885), l 91
38 i p belokonskii (petrovich), po tiur’a i etapa: ocherki tiurenoi zhizni i putevye zae kennan, siberia and the exile systeia, f 1286, op 36, d 686 (1875), l 20; rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 467 (1877), l 41 ob; n rafichesko, 1882), p 175
39 chekhov, a life letters , p 261; vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv , p 38
40 s v , 1900), p 24; alexandra oberl&228;nder, unerh&246;rte subjekte: die wahrnehewalt rsnd, 1880–1910 (frankfurt, 2013), ch 4
41 v i sevskii, rabochie na sibirskikh zolotykh pro, 1898), vol 1, pp xvii–xviii; vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv , pp 33, 36–8
42 vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv , pp 33, 36
43 garf, f 122, op 5, d 2807 (1899), ll 5–6; poddubskii, ‘sakhalskie deti’, pp 2351–3; irli ran, f 134, op 4, d 319, ll 61–70
44 chekhov, sakhal isnd , pp 228–30; lobas, kata i poselenie , pp 105–10
45 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 229
46 lobas, kata i poselenie , pp 107–8
47 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 232; dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , p 32
48 poddubskii, ‘sakhalskie deti’, pp 2352–3
49 a p saloon, ‘o sakhale’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1901, no 2, pp 75–7
50 ibid, p 76; krasnov, ‘na ostrove izgnaniia’, p 168; doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, p 316; dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , p 35
51 n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’, 1872), pp 76–86; 424; krasnov, ‘na ostrove izgnaniia’, p 169
52 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 235
53 saloon, ‘o sakhale’, pp 68–9
54 chekhov, sakhal isnd , pp 71, 126
55 ibid, p 127
56 krasnov, ‘na ostrove izgnaniia’, p 168; saloon, ‘o sakhale’, p 77
57 vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv , pp 29–30
58 ibid, p 53; doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, p 98
59 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 236; poddubskii, ‘sakhalskie deti’, p 2357; dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , pp 31–2
60 garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 641 (1880), l 2 ob
61 novoskii, ostrov sakhal , pp 31–2; poddubskii, ‘sakhalskie deti’, p 2350
62 vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv , pp 33, 36; charles henry hawes, the utter the natives and rsian nvicts of the isnd of sakhal, with notes on travel korea, siberia, and skii, ostrov sakhal , p 31; dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , p 35
63 chekhov, a life letters , p 261 [transtion odified]
64 hawes, the utterskii, ostrov sakhal , p 95; dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , pp 34–5
65 dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , p 35; lobas, kata i poselenie , pp 150–51; a a vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka v zapadnuiu sibir’’, p 174; v g korolenko, ‘fedor bespriiutnyi’, ide, branie chenii v desiati toakh , 10 vols (osw, 1953–6), vol 1, pp 176–220
66 b savriovich, k voprosu po troistvu ssyl’nykh na o sakhal (1896), no 4721, p 9; rgia, f 892, op 3, d 54 (1915), l 1
67 alk-vraskoi, ‘poezdka v sibir’ i na ostrov sakhal’, rskaia stara , 1901, no 1, pp 163–4; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 63 普里阿穆尔斯克（包括阿穆尔地区、外贝加尔和萨哈林）总督的职务在1884年设立。
68 poddubskii, ‘sakhalskie deti’, p 2353; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 245
69 saloa v rossii , pp 16–19; lobas, kata i poselenie , pp 118–21; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 126; doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, p 91
70 dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , p 10; korabl, ‘kata na sakhale’, pp 79–80; lobas, ostrov sakhal , pp 42–3
71 chekhov, a life letters , p 252; v tyshev, ‘sakhal posle a p chekhova (reviziia sakhalskoi kati neraloo entes, ‘sakhal as cae célèbre : the re-signification of tsarist rsia’s penal lony’, acta svica iaponica , vol 32, 2012, pp 55–72; sharyl rrado, ‘the “end of the earth”: sakhal isnd the rsian iation’, phd dissertation, university of illois at urbana-chan, 2010, ch 4
72 garf, f 122, op 5, d 2807 (1899), l 1; v o zapiski o sakhalskoi kate’, vestnik sakhalskogo uzeia , 2004, no 11, pp 141–8; rrado, ‘the “end of the earth” ’, p 114; ‘k voprosu o budhchnosti i troistve o sakhala’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1901, no 6, pp 271–95
73 ‘rech’ nachal’nika gvnogo tiureo upravleniia na o sakhale’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1899, no 1, p 10
74 saloon, ‘o sakhale’, p 69
75 david schi sun: rsian ideologies of epire and the path to ith japan (dekalb, il, 2001), chs 11–12
76 iuliia ul’iannikova, ‘chuzhie sredi chuzhikh, chuzhie sredi svoikh: rsko-iaponskaia voa i evakuatsiia sakhalskoi kati v kontekste iperskoi politiki na dal’ne vostoke’, ab iperio , 2010, no 4, pp 185–93; rrado, ‘the “end of the earth” ’, p 164
77 doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, pp 28, 30–31
11 鞭 打
1 anton chekhov, sakhal isnd , trans brian reeve (london, 2007), p 293
2 关于废除肉刑的步骤，参见 bruce f adas, the politics of punishnt: prin refor rsia, 1863–1917 (dekalb, il, 1996), ch 1; n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’, 1872), p 284; richard s worto, 1976), ch 9; abby es of the sh: rporal punishnt and identity iperial rsia (dekalb, il, 2002), ch 6。
3 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 438; schrader, nguas of the sh , pp 3–4, 80–81
4 n n evreov, istoriia telesnykh nakazanii v rossii (st petersburg, 1913), pp 100–101
5 schrader, nguas of the sh , pp 105, 119–20; evreov, istoriia telesnykh nakazanii , p 98; andrew a ntes, exile, stoke, 2010), p 50; fyodor dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , trans david cduff (london, 2003), pp 229–30; v doroshevich, sakhal , 2 parts (osw, 1903), part 1, pp 257–8
6 stephen p frank, cri, cultural nflict and jtice rural rsia, 1856–1914 (berkeley, 1999), pp 226–35; orndo fis, a people’s trady: the rsian revotion, 1891–1924 (london, 1996), p 96; schrader, nguas of the sh , pp 102, 105, 157; w bruce lln, nichos i: eton, , 1978), pp 103–4
7 schrader, nguas of the sh , p 216, n 65
8 rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 1067 (1836), ll 268–9, 308 ob
9 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 290
10 n s lobas, kata i poselenie na o-ve sakhale neskol’ko shtrikhov iz zhizni rskoi shtrafnoi kolonii (pavlograd, 1903), p 94
11 chekhov, sakhal isnd , pp 289–90
12 ibid, p 287
13 joseph frank, dostoevsky: the years of ordeal, 1850–1859 (prceton, 1983), p 78
14 shii’ (1907), ide, sibirskoe likholeti’e (kerovo, 2007), p 173
15 v a d’iakov, ‘katorzhnye gody f orihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri xix–nachalo xx v (novosibirsk, 1987), p 201; k nikoevskii, ‘tovarishchi f e’, istoricheskii vestnik , january 1901, pp 220–21; tokarzhevskii, ‘sei’, pp 177–8
16 tokarzhevskii, ‘sei’, pp 173–4
17 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 294
18 n rafichesko, 1882), p 207; vasilii vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv shchestvuihchikh na kate (st petersburg, 1873), p 9
19 tokarzhevskii, ‘sei’, p 172; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 278; vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv , p 23
20 rgia, f 1286, op 5, d 508 (1832), ll 1–2; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 837 (1881), ll 7–8
21 doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, p 168; rgia, f 1341, op 65, d 565 (1847), ll 13–14, 18
22 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 101–102
23 doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, pp 251–3
24 v ia kokov, rasskazy o kariiskoi kate (iz vospo, 1907), pp 107–12
25 ibid, p 193
26 dostoevsky, the hoe of the dead , pp 248, 250–51
27 ibid, pp 81, 227
28 i v efida kazennykh, vokurennykh zavodov, 1848–1853 gg (st petersburg, 1899), pp 35–7
29 doroshevich, sakhal , part 2, p 57; part 1, p 271
30 iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 371; lev deich, sixteen years siberia , trans helen chishol (london, 1903), pp 177–8; doroshevich, sakhal , part 1, p 275
31 v ibaihchie otbrosy rossii na sibirskoi pochve’, rskoe bogatstvo , 1895, no 7, p 53; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 440; d a dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii (iz lichnykh nabliudenii vo vre, 1898), pp 237–8; chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 289
32 ob otne tiazhkikh telesnykh nakazanii za prestupleniia vershae, 1867), p 8
33 schrader, nguas of the sh , p 156
34 tokarzhevskii, ‘sees of the sh , p 157
35 l a pered sudoatstvo , 1900, no 7, part 2, pp 1–19; i ia foitskii, ‘ssylka ili tiur’a?’, iuridicheskii vestnik , 1881, no 4, pp 386–98; i ia foitskii, uchenie o nakazanii v sviazi s tiur’, 1889), pp 155–62; daniel beer, renovatg rsia: the huan sciences and the fate of liberal odernity, 1880–1930 (ithaca, 2008), ch 3; adas, the politics of punishnt
36 n lobas, ‘k voprosu o telesnykh nakazaniiakh’, vrach , 27 june 1898, no 26, pp 760–63; dr lobas, ‘floggg siberia’, current literature , vol 24, no 6 (deceber 1898), pp 553–4; ‘the knout at sakhal’, the new york tis , 29 ay 1898, p 23
37 v n gartevel’d, kata i brodiagi sibiri (osw, 1912), p 56
38 kokov, rasskazy o kariiskoi kate , pp 18–19
39 ibid, pp 24–9
40 rgia, f 1286, op 8, d 1086 (1843), l 19 ob; rgia, f 1286, op 10, d 1154 (1847), ll 3–3 ob, 6–6 ob
41 s v , 1900), pp 90–92; rgia, f 1265, op 1, d 206 (1852), l 122 ob
42 efia , p 91; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 40–44
43 chekhov, sakhal isnd , p 124; e kennan, siberia and the exile syste , 2 vols (new york, 1891), vol 2, p 207
44 n ia novo, 1903), p 247
45 vv, kratkii ocherk netroistv , p 54; i p belokonskii [petrovich], po tiur’a i etapa: ocherki tiurenoi zhizni i putevye zatki ot oskvy do krasnoiarska (oryol, 1887), pp 66–7; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , pp 172–3; dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii , p 28; a n krasnov, ‘na ostrove izgnaniia’, knizhka nedeli , 1893, no 8, p 161
46 doroshevich, sakhal , part 2, p 56; i a p chekhova “ostrov sakhal” ’, ostrov chekhova: ot likhova do sakhala: liudi, sud’by, vstrechi (osw, 1990), pp 227–55
47 n s lobas, ‘k istorii rskoi shtrafnoi kolonii 1 sudebnaia ekspertiza na ostrove (iz paazeta , 1904, no 42, pp 1199–202
48 lobas, ‘k istorii rskoi shtrafnoi kolonii’, vrachebnaia gazeta , 1904, no 43, pp 1238–42; lobas, kata i poselenie , pp 54–63
49 doroshevich, sakhal , part 2, pp 54–67
50 v tyshev, ‘sakhal posle a p chekhova (reviziia sakhalskoi kati neraloo uzeia , 2000, no 7, pp 157–62; sharyl rrado, ‘the “end of the earth”: sakhal isnd the rsian iation’, phd dissertation (university of illois at urbana-chananiia’, p 161; vdivostok , 15 augt 1893, p 7; 21 nove standard , 10 february 1894
51 the new york ti odified]
12 “失败者要倒霉了！”
1 v n shaganov, nikoi chernyshevskii na kate i v ssylke (st petersburg, 1907), pp 1–3; er, istoriia tsarskoi tiur’olis, ‘n g chernyshevskii v doro na katu’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), p 95
2 nikoi chernyshevsky, what is to be done? , trans edy: the rsian revotion, 1891–1924 (london, 1996), p 127
3 garf, f 109, 3 eksp, op 154, d 115 (1869), ll 21–3; rgia, f 1405, op 521, d 410 (1882), ll 11–12, 22–32, 405–6; rgia, f 1405, op 521, d 430 (1888), ll 1–8, 248–50
4 jaers, ‘daris, scientis, and nihilis’, the rsian review , vol 19, no 1 (1960), pp 10–23; philip pohts, il, 1970); jas of the revotionary faith (new york, 1980), ch 14
5 fran venturi, roots of revotion: a history of the populist and cialist ovents neteenth-century rsia , trans francis haskell (london, 1972), ch 18; daniel field, ‘peasants and propagandists the rsian ovent to the people of 1874’, the journal of odern history , vol 59, no 3 (1987), pp 415–38
6 k p pobedonostsev, ‘bolezni nashego vreni’, ide, oskovskii sbornik ( rsia: the huan sciences and the fate of liberal odernity, 1880–1930 (ithaca, 2008), pp 12–13
7 aio, f 24, op 3, k 45, d 160 (1866), ll 1–3; l orihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri nerchskaia kata , vol 1, no 2 (novosibirsk, 1993), p 176; e a skripilev, ‘n g chernyshevskii na nerchskoi kate’, politicheskie ssyl’nye v sibiri (xviii–nachalo xx v) (novosibirsk, 1983), pp 80–82
8 garf, f 102, 3 dp, op 77, d 1143 (1881), l 6
9 jonathan w daly, autocracy under sie: security police and opposition rsia, 1866–1905 (dekalb, il, 1998), p 23; jay bergraphy (stanford, 1983); jonathan w daly, ‘on the significance of eistion te iperial rsia’, svic review , vol 54, no 3 (autun 1995), p 608
10 daly, autocracy under sie , ch 3; john d klier, rsians, jews and the pogroe, 2011)
11 v i len, ‘tri zaprosa’ (deceber 1911), polnoe branie chenii , 5th edn, 55 vols (osw, 1958–65), vol 21, p 114
12 e kennan, siberia and the exile syste , 2 vols (new york, 1891), vol 1, pp 242–3
13 daly, autocracy under sie , ch 3
14 daly, ‘eistion’, p 615; ssylka v sibir’ ocherk ee istorii i vre, 1900), appendix 4, p 18; rgia, f 1405, op 521, d 410 (1882), ll 11–12, 22–32, 405–6; borod, ‘rtvaia petlia’, otechestvennye zapiski , 1880, no 7, pt 2, pp 40–63; kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 1, p 246; lev deich, sixteen years siberia , trans helen chishol (london, 1903), p 188
15 n kker, ‘politicheskaia kata na kare’, byloe , 1906, no 9, p 72; d itatsiia rskikh revoliutsionerov v anizatsii pobegov iz sibiri v aodnik , 2009, pp 57–72; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 2643, d 82 (1881), ll 21–21 ob
16 rgia, f 1284, op 241, d 42 (1879), ll 163–163 ob; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 2244, d 810 (1880), ll 36–7, 43; garf, f 102, 3 dp, op 77, d 1038 (1881), ll 1–3, 11–17; gatovgt, f 152, op 12, d 95 (1888), ll 3–9; gaio, f 32, op 1, d 417 (1887), ll 1–1 ob
17 a levandovskii, elizaveta nikoevna koval’skaia (osw, 1928)
18 gaio, f 32, op 1, d 753 (1879), ll 7–7 ob; elizaveta koval’skaia, ‘zhenskaia kata’, kariiskaia tradiia (1889) : vospoaio, f 32, op 1, d 1394 (1882), ll 25–8, 60–61; gaio, f 32, op 2, d 142 (1882), ll 1–30; elizaveta koval’skaia, ‘pobeg’, kata i ssylka , 1929, no 5, pp 130–31
19 rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 158 (1884), ll 1–9; koval’skaia, ‘zhenskaia kata’, pp 18–19; idea i ssylka , 1932, no 10, pp 110–28
20 garf, f 102, 3 dp, d 5, ch 1 (1884), ll 56–56 ob; gaio, f 32, op 1, d 171 (1884), ll 89–90, 121
21 v g korolenko, ‘istoriia o vrenika’, branie chenii , 10 vols (ia, f 1286, op 40, d 321 (1879), ll 1–8; gaio, f 24, op 3, k 2643, d 65 (1880), ll 9–11, 30–33
22 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 2, pp 24–7
23 garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 7765 (1888), l 257; koval’skaia, ‘zhenskaia kata’, pp 15–16
24 garf, f 102, 3 dp, d 1012 (1892), ll 37–41
25 anton chekhov, a life letters , trans and ed rosaund bartlett (london, 2004), p 241
26 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri , pp 223–5; v i zork, vkd politicheskikh ssyl’nykh v izuchenie fol’klora sibiri (vtoraia polova xix—nachalo xx v (novosibirsk, 1985); a i arkhipov, ‘uchastie politicheskikh ssyl’nykh v podgotovke proekta zeubernatora v n skrypitsyna v iakutskoi obsti’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 307–12
27 bruce grant, ‘eery: the politics of priitivis te iperial rsia’, daniel r brower and edward j zzeri (eds), rsia’s orient: iton, , 1997), pp 292–310; v andreev, ‘o zhurnalistskoi deiatel’nosti predshestvennikov tsial-de xix v’, p v zabel (ed), zhurnalistika v sibiri (irkutsk, 1972), pp 75–85
28 l s chudnovskii, ‘shkoly v sibiri’, zhurnal o prosveshcheniia , 1892, no 1, pp 1–45, 107–40; s p shevtv, ‘kul’turnoe znachenie politicheskoi ssylki v zapadnoi sibiri’, kata i ssylka , 1928, no 3, pp 57–87; a i blek, ‘biblioteka i azeta , 1884, no 24, p 1
29 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 2, pp 45–51; the tis , 11 january 1884
30 gaio, f 32, op 1, d 1299 (1883), ll 1–4; gaio, f 32, op 1, d 753 (1880), ll 2–2 ob
31 garf, f 102, 2 dp, d 186 (1883), l 7; garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 7765 (1888), ll 261–261 ob; rgia, f 1405, op 86, d 8716 (1885), ll 1–14
32 rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 235 (1888), l 11
33 rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 235 (1888), ll 10–25
34 garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 7765 (1888), ll 258–258 ob 新闻报道的例子，参见 v i fedorova, narodnicheskaia ssylka sibiri v obshchestvenno-politicheskoi i ideoi bor’be v rossii v poslednei chetverti xix veka (krasnoyarsk, 1996), ch 1。
35 garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 7765 (1888), l 259 ob
36 rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 4236 (1882), l 466; garf, f 102, 2 dp, d 186 (1883), l 26
37 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri , p 266
38 garf, f 102, 2 dp, d 436 (1883), ll 12–13; gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri , pp 256–61; julia annherz, odern oultis te iperial rsia (dekalb, il, 2013)
39 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri , pp 239–40; garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 2835 (1882), l 25; rafii ippolita nikiticha yshka’, byloe , 1906, no 2, pp 252–71
40 garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 2835 (1882), l 26; garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 2378 (1881), ll 29–30; gatovgt, f 1686, op 1, d 114 (1882), ll 1–3; n levchenko, ‘pobeg s kary’, a dikovskaia-iakii (osw, 1927), pp 55–72
41 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri , pp 245–7, 253–64
42 garf, f 102, 3 dp, op 77, d 1288 (1881), ll 6–8; a i ssylka , 1926, no 1, pp 218–26; gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri , pp 241–2
43 gorihk (ed), politicheskaia ssylka v sibiri , pp 262–3
44 popov, ‘k biografii’, pp 270–71
45 f bogdanovich, ‘posle pobega’, dikovskaia-iakii , pp 82–4; garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 2835 (1882), ll 46–7
46 n n evreov, istoriia telesnykh nakazanii v rossii (st petersburg, 1913), pp 133–55; anton chekhov, sakhal isnd , trans brian reeve (london, 2007), p 293; v ia kokov, rasskazy o kariiskoi kate (iz vospo, 1907), pp 107–12; a foediia’, dikovskaia-iakii , p 134
47 belokonskii, po tiur’a i etapa , pp 167–80
48 rgia, f 1286, op 28, d 917 (1867), ll 16–18; belokonskii, po tiur’a i etapa , p 86
49 ssylka v sibir’ , appendix 1; rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 380 (1877), ll 3–4; rgia, f 1286, op 28, d 917 (1867), ll 48–9; rgia, f 1286, op 37, d 609 (1876), ll 41 关于驳船的描述，参见 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 1, ch 5。
50 rgia, f 1286, op 36, d 686 (1875), ll 13–14, 45 ob; gaio, f 32, op 1, d 199 (1877), l 1; rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 467 (1876), l 49 ob
51 rgia, f 1286, op 29, d 836 (1868), ll 8–8 ob; v l seroshevskii, ‘ssylka i kata v sibiri’, i s l’nik (ed), sibir’: ee vre, 1908), pp 210–11
52 rgia, f 1286, op 36, d 686 (1875), l 20; garf, f 122, op 5, d 619 (1880), ll 1–2; gatovgt, f 330, op 2, d 1 (1888); gatovgt, f 330, op 2, d 629 (1890); gatovgt, f 333, op 3, d 1110 (1894); gaio, f 32, op 1, d 199 (1877), l 1; garf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 1328 (1887), ll 2–4; d a dril’, ssylka i kata v rossii (iz lichnykh nabliudenii vo vre, 1898), p 24; rgia, f 1024, op 1, d 100 (1893), ll 2–3
53 ia stefanovich, ‘po etapa iz zapik seidesiatnika (s kary do irkutska)’, vestnik evropy , 1916, no 7, pp 79–131; a v pribylev, ot peterburga do kary v 80-kh gg (osw, 1923); l l’sh [p f iakubovich], v o katorzhnika (st petersburg, 1896), p 10; rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 135 (1883), ll 11–12
54 rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 239 (1888), ll 1–44
55 rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 239 (1888), ll 47, 55; gaio, f 32, op 1, d 2412 (1888), ll 28–9
56 p l kazarian, iakutiia v siste (yakutsk, 1998), pp 252–4
57 ‘dokd ostashka depart pol o dele 22 skii et al (eds), iakutskaia tradiia 22 oda sbornik vospoanii i aterialov (osw, 1925), pp 210–23
58 garf, f 102, o o 5 dp, d 7732 (1889), l 13
59 garf, f 102, o o 5 dp, d 7732 (1889), ll 13–15; ‘dokuskii et al (eds), iakutskaia tradiia 22 arta , pp 188–203
60 garf, f 102, o o 5 dp, d 7732 (1889), l 49; skii et al (eds), iakutskaia tradiia 22 arta , pp 26–7
61 ‘pis’skii et al (eds), iakutskaia tradiia 22 arta , pp 78–9
62 ibid, p 79
63 garf, f 102, 3 dp, op 87, d 373 (1889), ll 2–4, 11; fedorova, narodnicheskaia ssylka sibiri , pp 58–74
64 ‘izbienie politicheskikh ssyl’nykh v iakutske’, bragskii et al (eds), iakutskaia tradiia 22 arta , p 34; the tis , 26 deceber 1889, p 7; the new york tis , 8 february 1890; the ciety of friends of rsian freedoateshead, 1890), pp 14–16
65 koval’skaia, ‘zhenskaia kata’, p 26 [eal]; v pleskov, ‘iz nedra arkhiva’, dikovskaia-iakii , p 192
66 ‘kariiskie bytiia po ofitsial’nyediia (1889) vospo, 1920), p 73; foediia’, pp 122–7
67 kennan, siberia and the exile systeediia’, p 128
68 foediia’, p 131
69 ibid, pp 130–31; garf, f 102, 5 dp, op 107, d 7961 (1889), ll 63–63 ob
70 foediia’, p 132
71 ibid, pp 134–7
72 garf, f 102, 5 dp, op 127, d 7961 (1889), ll 20–21
73 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 2, p 272
74 the ti odified]
75 the new york tis , 16 february 1890; 23 february 1890
76 the tis , 10 arch 1890, p 6
77 jane e good, ‘arica and the rsian revotionary ovent, 1888–1905’, the rsian review , vol 41, no 3 (july 1982), p 274
78 haia shpayer-akov, ‘the reception of peter kropotk brita, 1886–1917’, albion , vol 19, no 3 (autusworth, ‘the ciety of friends of rsian freedoood, ‘arica and the rsian revotionary oveure of the rsian revotionary elish fiction, 1880–1914’, svonic and east european review , vol 77, no 1 (january 1999), pp 30–55
79 robert service, len: a biography (london, 2000), chs 8–10
80 g f osloediia’, byloe , 1906, no 6, pp 59–80; viliuts, ‘iakutskaia tradiia 1889 g (po vospoo)’, rskaia ysl’ , 1906, no 3, pp 55–77; l edii v sibiri)’, vrennye zapiski , 1906, no 1, pp 1–18; oda’, byloe , 1906, no 9, pp 129–57; kker, ‘politicheskaia kata na kare’
81 garf, f 102, 5 dp, d 7765 (1888), ll 261–2
82 kker, ‘politicheskaia kata na kare’, pp 69–70; rgia, f 1263, op 1, d 4236 (1882), ll 468 ob–469
83 kennan, siberia and the exile syste , vol 1, p 258
84 v , 1908), pp 170–71; eric lohr, ‘the ideal citizen and real subject te iperial rsia’, kritika: explorations rsian and eurasian history , vol 7, no 2 (sprg 2006), pp 173–94
85 ‘izbienie politicheskikh ssyl’nykh v iakutske’, bragskii et al (eds), iakutskaia tradiia 22 arta , p 34
13 收缩的大陆
1 sankt-peterburgskie vedoosti , 21 noveber 1877, no 322, p 2; 24 noveber 1877, no 325, p 3
2 siberia: visions of the rsian east the early neteenth century’, arican historical review , vol 96, no 3 (june 1991), pp 767, 770; alexander iperial osw, 1762–1855 (oxford, 2013)
3 v loonov, ‘kratkoe opisanie raznykh puteshestvii po severnyo prokhoda sibirski okeano v vostochnuiu diiu’ (1762–3), iderad, 1950–83), vol 6, p 498 (cited bass, ‘ventg siberia’, p 770)
4 rayond h fisher, the rsian fur trade, 1550–1700 (berkeley, 1943); w bruce lln, the nest of a ntent: siberia and the rsians (ithaca, 1994), pp 54–6; bass, ‘ventg siberia’, p 771; , 1830), p 4
5 n b rsevanov, ‘zaovykh otnosheniiakh sibiri k rossii’, otechestvennye zapiski , 1841, vol 14, part 4, pp 26, 33–34, 30; eographical expansion the rsian far east, 1840–1865 (cae, 1999), ch 5
6 a v renev, saoderzhavie i sibir’: adistrativnaia politika v pervoi polove xix v (osk, 1995), pp 161–97
7 rgia, f 1264, op 1, d 71 (1835), ll 164 ob–165
8 a a vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka v zapadnuiu sibir’ v politike saoderzhaviia xix veka’, kandidatskaia diss (oentes, exile, stoke, 2010), pp 68–71; l dashek and a v renev (eds), sibir’ v stave rossiiskoi iperii (osw, 2007), p 286
9 n rafichesko, 1882), p 165
10 ivan barsukov, graf nikoi nikoevich o pis’a, ofitsial’ny dokunta, rasskaza vrennikov i pechatny istochnika , 2 vols (osw, 1891), vol 1, p 671
11 bass, iperial visions
12 nathaniel knight, ‘science, eraphical ciety, 1845–1855’, jane burbank and david l ransel (eds), iton, , 1998), pp 108–41; cudia weiss, wie sibirien ‘unser’ wurde: die rsische ographische sellschaft und ihr ef&223; auf die bilder und vorstelnn von sibirien ien, 2007), chs 1–2; joseph bradley, vontary asciations tsarist rsia: science, patriotise, raphical ciety, the “areat siberian expedition 1855–1863’, annals of the asciation of araphers , vol 73, no 2 (1983), pp 240–56
13 otchet i (st petersburg, 1851), p 43
14 cited yuri seyonov, the nest of siberia: an epic of huan passions , trans e w dickes (london, 1947), p 303
15 steven g arks, road to power: the trans-siberian railroad and the lonization of asian rsia, 1850–1917 (london, 1991), pp 13–57; david schilpennck van der oye, rsian orientalisration (new haven, 2010), pp 59, 69–70; k n pos’et, ‘prekrashchenie ssylki v sibir’’, rskaia stara , 1899, no 7, p 54
16 , 1870); ideatstvakh severnykh okra sibiri i narodov ta, 1873); k sidorov, proekt o vozozhnosti zaseleniia severa sibiri puteovli sibiri (tobolsk, 1864) 关于西多罗夫，参见有关他的活动的特刊 izvestiia obshchestva dlia deistviia rskoovou orekhodstvu , 1889, no 21, pp 1–95; v korolev, rossii bespokoyi grazhdan (osw, 1987)。
17 k staritskii, ‘ocherk istorii pvaniia po karskoo rskogo ograficheskogo obshchestva , 1877, vol 13, no 6, p 435 关于北极航海的历史，参见 lln, the nest of a ntent , ch 14。
18 aan spb, f 270, op 1, d 421, 1877–8, ll 9–26; aan spb, f 270, op 1, d 409, ll 1–4; d i shvanenberg, ‘o pvanii iakhty “utrenniaia zaria” iz enisei cherez karskoe o otdeleniia iovo, 1877), p 439; ide, ‘v poliarnykh l’dakh’, sbornik orskikh statei i rasskazov ezheazety ‘iakhta’ , deceber 1877, pp 507–18; idea o pvanii skhun ‘severnoe siianie’ i ‘utrenniaia zaria’ v nizov’iakh eniseia, v karskoo rskogo ograficheskogo obshchestva , 1877, vol 13, no 6, pp 439–48
19 shvanenberg, ‘o pvanii iakhty “utrenniaia zaria” ’, pp 248–9
20 rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 465 (1877), ll 25, 35; shvanenberg, ‘o pvanii iakhty “utrenniaia zaria” ’, p 251
21 k sidorov, ‘o pvanii rskikh a’, trudy s-peterburgskogo otdeleniia , pp 229–33; the tiia, f 1286, op 38, d 465 (1877), ll 2–4
22 hakan yavuz and peter sglett (eds), war and diploacy: the r-turkish war of 1877–1878 and the treaty of berl (salt ke city, ut, 2012)
23 orndo fis, cria (london, 2011); schilpennck van der oye, rsian orientalis , pp 229–40; alberto aero, ‘territorial lonization te ies the developnt of a ncept’, kritika: explorations rsian and eurasian history , vol 14, no 1 (ter 2013), pp 64–5; david schi sun: rsian ideologies of epire and the path to ith japan (dekalb, il, 2001), ch 2
24 a v rerafiia vsti xix–nacha xx vekov (osk, 2004), pp 399–410; ilya vkovetsky, rsian arica: an overseas lony of a ntental epire (new york, 2011), pp 65–6
25 wilrd sundernd, ‘the “lonization estion”: visions of lonization te ieschichte osteuropas , vol 48, no 2 (2000), pp 210–32; a v reraphy of asiatic rsia: fro the neteenth to the early entieth centuries’, uyaional and ternational ntexts (london, 2012), pp 108–9
26 a ror ekirch, bound for arica: the transportation of british nvicts to the lonies, 1718–1775 (oxford, 1987), pp 207–12; robert hughes, the fatal shore: a history of the transportation of nvicts to atralia, 1787–1868 (london, 1986), ch 14: kirsten ckenzie, scandal the lonies: sydney and cape town, 1820–1850 (carlton, 2004); haates: the death of a nvict station (sydney, 2008); d redith and d oxley, ‘ndened to the lonies: penal transportation as the tion to brita’s w and order proble’, leidschrift , vol 22, no 1 (april 2007), pp 36–9
27 vsenko, ‘ugolovnaia ssylka’, p 212
28 rgia, f 1652, op 1, d 197 (1877), l 10; rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), l 775; rgia, f 1586, op 1, d 1 (1885), l 62
29 n iadrtsev, ‘statisticheskie o otde ograficheskogo obshchestva (st petersburg, 1889), vol 6, p 330; a d olis, ‘chislennost’ i razshchenie ssyl’nykh v sibiri v kontse xix veka’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), pp 33–4
30 rgia, f 1149, op 9, d 3 (1877), ll 337–777; ssylka v sibir’, ocherk ee istorii i vre, 1900), pp 78–80; bruce f adas, the politics of punishnt: prin refor rsia, 1863–1917 (dekalb, il, 1996), pp 97–120
31 e frish, prilozhenie k predstavleniiu v gosurdarstvennyi vet o krashchenii ssylki v sibir’ (st petersburg, 1887), p 4
32 rgia, f 1286, op 28, d 920 (1869), l 122; rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 380 (1877), l 5; n iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha v tiur’, 1872), pp 541–2
33 rgia, f 1405, op 88, d 10215 (1879), ll 447–53; arf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 2786a (1895), l 15 ob
34 ‘arestanty v sibiri’, vrennik , 1863, no 11, pp 133–75; s v orii fel’dshte, ssylka ocherki ee nezisa, znacheniia, istorii i vreo stoianiia (osw, 1893), pp 185–91; iadrtsev, rskaia obshcha , p 582; n iadrtsev, ‘polozhenie ssyl’nykh v sibiri’, vestnik evropy , noveber 1875, no 10, pp 283–312; no 12, pp 529–56; iadrtsev, sibir’ kak koloniia , pp 220–21
35 rgia, f 1652, op 1, d 197 (1877), l 7 ob; rgia, f 1287, op 38, d 2104 (1881), l 6
36 sibir’ , 5 october 1875, no 15, p 5; 2 october 1877, no 40, p 3; 11 septeber 1877, no 37, p 1
37 vostochnoe obozrenie , 15 septeber 1891, no 38, p 2; sibirskaia zhizn’ , 12 dece n potan, ‘proekt otny ssylki v sibiri’, ide, izbrannye cheniia v trekh toakh , 3 vols (pavlodar, 2005), vol 2, pp 170–76; a a ivanov, ‘sayi nashchnyi vopros sibiri’, (aessed 19 july 2015); an wood, ‘chernyshevskii, siberian exile and obstnichestvo’, ror bartlett (ed), rsian thought and ciety, 1800–1917 (keele, 1984), pp 42–66; stephen watro, ‘the regionalist nception of siberia, 1860 to 1920’, yuri slezke and galya dint (eds), beeen heaven and hell: the yth of siberia rsian culture (new york, 1993), pp 113–32; yuri slezke, arctic irrors: rsia and the sall peoples of the north (ithaca, 1994), ch 4
38 s chudnovskii, ‘kolonizatsionnoe znachenie sibirskoi ssylki’, rskaia ysl’ , 1886, no 10, pp 51, 58; iadrtsev, ‘polozhenie ssyl’nykh v sibiri’; v ibaihchie: otbrosy rossii na sibirskoi pochve’, rskoe bogatstvo , 1895, no 7, pp 46–81; a n rodiga, ‘drugaia rossiia’: obraz sibiri v rskoi zhurnal’noi presse vtoroi polovy xix–nacha xx v (novosibirsk, 2006), p 204
39 s dizhur, ‘rskaia ssylka ee istoriia i ozhidaeatstvo , 1900, no 4, pp 45–6
40 shvanenberg, ‘v poliarnykh l’dakh’, p 517
41 rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 465 (1877), ll 6–8
42 golos, 18 noveber 1877, no 280, p 3; 19 noveber 1877, no 281, p 3; birzhevye vedoskie vedoosti , 21 noveber 1877, no 322, p 2
43 sankt-peterburgskie vedoosti , 24 noveber 1877, no 325, p 3
44 ibid, 27 noveber 1877, no 328, p 3; severnyi vestnik , 27 noveazeta , 25 noveo oriaka, pribyvshi iz eniseia na nevu na iakhte ‘utrenniaia zaria’ v zasedanii 22 noiabria’, trudy s-peterburgskogo otdeleniia , p 222; ‘zhurnal obshchego braniia io dekabria 1877 goda’, izvestiia io obshchestva , 1878, no 1, pp 32–4; staritskii, ‘ocherk istorii pvaniia’, p 437; glenn ste and lydia i iarukova, ‘por honours of the rsian ographical ciety 1845–1995’, journal of the hakyt ciety (deceber 2008), p 34; f d studitskii (ed), istoriia otkrytiia ova proliva , 2 vols (st petersburg, 1883), vol 1, pp 198–9
45 rgia, f 1286, op 38, d 465 (1877), l 33; studitskii (ed), istoriia otkrytiia ia spb, f 254, op 1, d 10688 (1877–8), l 1; aan spb, f 270, op 1, d 417 (1878), l 21; aan spb, f 270, op 1, d 417 (1878), l 9
46 dashek and renev (eds), sibir’ v stave rossiiskoi iperii , pp 40–72; frithjof benja schenk, rsnds fahrt die oderne: art, 2014), pp 92–6; sundernd, ‘the “lonization estion”’, pp 217–26; renev, ‘lonization and “rsification”’, pp 102–8
47 lln, the nest of a ntent , p 259; l ration, settlent and the rural enoy of siberia, 1861–1914’, an wood (ed), the history of siberia fro rsian nest to revotion (london, 1991), pp 140–57; donald w treadgold, the great siberian overnnt and peasant resettlent fro eancipation to the first world war (prceton, 1957); sundernd, ‘the “lonization estion”’, pp 211–13
48 charles stewedel, ‘resettlg people, unsettlg the eovernance, 1861–1917’, nichos b breyfogle, abby schrader and wilrd sundernd (eds), peoplg the periphery: bordernd lonization eurasian history (london, 2007), pp 129–31; sankt-peterburgskie vedoosti , 13 january 1904 (cited anatolyi reraphy of power’, jane burbank, en and anatolyi renev (eds), rsian eton, 2007), p 445
49 ‘po povodu predstoiashchego preobrazovaniia kati i ssylki’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1899, no 6, p 249
50 ssylka v sibir’ , pp 134–5, 333–4, 337
51 a p chekhov, ‘v ssylke’, ide, polnoe branie chenii i pise , 20 vols (osw, 1944–51), vol 8, pp 79–87; f kriukov, ‘v rodnykh atstvo , 1903, no 9, pp 5–34; v krylov, ‘v gshi sibiri’, vestnik evropy , 1893, no 5, pp 65–95; l atstvo , 1896, no 8, pp 5–37; paskevich, ‘katorzhnaia’, zhenskoe delo , 1900, no 2, pp 46–63; p khotyskii, ‘na novo ste’, vestnik evropy , 1903, no 5, pp 156–80; no 6, pp 562–83; uren leighton, ‘korolenko’s stories of siberia’, svonic and east european review , vol 49, no 115 (april 1971), pp 200–213; harriet be sibirskikh rud”: siberia and the yth of exile’, dint and slezke (eds), beeen heaven and hell: the yth of siberia rsian culture ( new york, 1993), pp 95–111
52 vostochnoe obozrenie , 1 october 1889, no 4, p 9
53 leo tolstoy, resurrection , trans anthony briggs (london, 2009), p 472 [transtion odified]
54 a d olis, ‘sisteoda’, ide (ed), tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii , p 21; ‘otzyvy pechati po voprosu ob otne ssylki’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1899, no 8, p 358
55 arf, f 122, 3 dp, op 5, d 2786a (1895), l 17; polnoe branie zakonov rossiiskoi iperii , 3rd pendiu (1881–1913), 10 june 1900, no 18777, p 633; 12 june, no 18839, p 757; olis, ‘chislennost’ i razshchenie ssyl’nykh’, pp 31–2
56 olis, ‘sistea sibirskoi ssylki’, pp 27, 19
57 ada wheatcroft, ‘the crisis of the te tsarist penal syste traditional views of rsian history (basgstoke, 2002), pp 33–9; olovnaia ssylka’, pp 178–210; b ironov, ‘prestupnost’ v rossii v xix–nachale xx veka’, otechestvennaia istoriia , 1998, no 1, p 35
14 严峻的考验
1 iu steklov, ‘vospoa i ssylka , 1923, no 6, p 72; volker rabe, der widerspruch von rechtsstaatlichkeit und strafender verwaltung rsnd, 1881–1917: en der ad von revotion&228;ren (karlsruhe, 1985), pp 342–3; jonathan daly, ‘political cri te iperial rsia’, the journal of odern history , vol 74, no 1 (arch 2002), p 93
2 san k orrissey, heralds of revotion: rsian students and the es, a people’s trady: the rsian revotion, 1891–1924 (london, 1996), pp 166–8
3 theodore r weeks, nation and state te iperial rsia: nationalis and rsification on the western frontier, 1863–1914 (dekalb, il, 1996), pp 112–21; john d klier and shloroe, 1992); fis, a people’s trady , pp 79–83, 139–54
4 rgia, f 1405, op 535, d 235 (1888), ll 10–25; a i ssylka , 1928, nos 8–9, pp 158, 160
5 poliakov, ‘vospoal]
6 v i len ‘pis’a’, polnoe branie chenii , 5th edn, 55 vols (osw, 1958–65), vol 55, p 35
7 robert service, len: a biography (london, 2000), ch 7; w bruce lln, the nest of a ntent: siberia and the rsians (ithaca, 1994), ch 27; v n dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone…(ocherki istorii politicheskoi kati i ssylki 60-e gody xviii v—1917 g) (sk, 1985), ch 4
8 lln, the nest of a ntent , p 219; len, ‘pis’a’, vol 55, p 55
9 lln, the nest of a ntent , p 221; robert service, trotsky: a biography (london, 2009), ch 6; isaac deutscher, the prophet ard: trotsky, 1879–1921 (oxford, 1970), pp 42–56
10 service, len , ch 7
11 poliakov, ‘vospoaniia o kolyskoi ssylke’, p 171
12 g tsyperovich, za poliarny, 1907), p 110
13 ibid, p 92; len, ‘pis’a’, vol 55, p 98; dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone… , pp 127–32
14 tsyperovich, za poliarnyskii et al (eds), iakutskaia tradiia 22 oda sbornik vospoanii i aterialov (osw, 1925), pp 108–16
15 daly, ‘political criolis, ‘chislennost’ i razshchanie ssyl’nykh v sibiri v kontse xix veka’, ide, tiur’a i ssylka v iperatorskoi rossii issledovaniia i arkhivnye nakhodki (osw, 1995), pp 38–40; dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone… , p 155
16 p teplov, istoriia iakutskogo protesta (st petersburg, 1906), p 453; garf, f 102, o o, d 9, ch 8 (1904), ll 14–14 ob
17 p i rozental’, ‘rooda iz vospoaniia uchastnika (osw, 1924), pp 14–15
18 garf, f 102, o o, d 9, ch 8 (1904), ll 14–14 ob
19 garf, f 124, op 13, d 1762 (1904), l 3; rozental’, ‘roanovka’ , p 23
20 garf, f 102, op o o, d 9, ch 8 (1904), l 12; garf, f 124, op 13, d 1762 (1904), l 3
21 ‘roanovskii protest v proka i ssylka , 1924, no 5, pp 169–70
22 rozental’, ‘roanovka’ , pp 63–9
23 ibid, pp 74–5, 78–9
24 v ra’, revoliutsionnaia rossiia , no 7 (june 1902), pp 3–4; r a gorodnitskii, boevaia anizatsiia partii tsialistov-revoliutsionerov v 1901–1911 gg (osw, 1998); konstant orozov, partiia tsialistov-revoliutsionerov v 1907–1911 (osw, 1998)
25 san k orrissey, ‘the “apparel of nocence”: toward a oral enoy of terroris te iperial rsia’, the journal of odern history , vol 84 (septeeifan, thou shalt kill: revotionary terroris rsia, 1894–1917 (prceton, 1993), p 74; abraha ascher, p a stolyp: the search for stability te iperial rsia (stanford, 2001), pp 138–9
26 d n zhbankov, ‘trav), prakticheskii vrach , vol 4, nos 32–5 (1907), pp 633–7; ershenzon, ‘tvorcheskoe saentsiia v rossii: sbornik statei, 1909–1910 , 2nd edn (ros: the donbass–dnepr bend te ianis, 1900–1914 (berkeley, 1993)
27 abraha ascher, the revotion of 1905: rsia disarray (stanford, 1988), ch 2
28 l artov, l aslov and a potrev (eds), obshchestvennoe dvizhenie v rossii v nachale xx veka , 4 vols (st petersburg, 1909–14), vol 2, part 1, pp 166–74; ascher, the revotion of 1905 , pp 291–2
29 jonathan w daly, ‘on the significance of eistion te iperial rsia’, svic review , vol 54, no 3 (autun 1995), pp 622–5; e nikita, ‘e’, tsarskii flot pod krasnyo (osw, 1931), p 186; a p ikheev, ‘voennoszhashchie v stave uznikov tobol’skoi kati’, vestnik oo universiteta , 2006, p 1; willia c fuller jr, civil–ilitary nflict iperial rsia, 1881–1914 (prceton, 1985), p 171; er, o b gol’dovskii and i n sakharov (eds), protiv srtnoi kazni , 2nd edn (osw, 1907), p 112
30 stephen g wheatcroft, ‘the crisis of the te tsarist penal syste traditional views of rsian history (basgstoke, 2002), pp 46–8; daly, ‘political cri’, pp 84–6; ia sverdlov, ‘asvaia ssylka’ (1916), ide, izbrannye proizvedeniia , 3 vols (osw, 1957–60), vol 1, pp 66–7
31 e nikita, ‘tornaia doroga (tiur’odov)’, v vilenskii (ed), deviatyi val: k desiatiletiiu osvobozhdeniia iz tsarskoi kati i ssylki (aio, f 25, op 6, k 502, d 2960 (1906), ll 5 ob–6 ob; v atstvo , 1910, no 9, part 2, p 129; gaio, f 226, op 1, d 279 (1915), ll 5, 8, 39; a p a (osk, 2007), p 80
32 ascher, the revotion of 1905 , pp 247–8; s kallistov, ‘iz zhizni tobol’skoi kati (vospoa i ssylka , 1923, no 6, p 230; a foa poslednikh desiatiletii (1888–1917 gg)’, a dikovskaia-iakii (a , pp 88, 92, 162
33 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 502, d 2962 (1906), ll 1–2
34 a , p 163
35 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 501, d 2950 (1906), ll 3–4
36 foa’, pp 25–6; iakot, ‘o vrennoi tiur’ i ssylke’, pp 128–9; ‘khronika’, sibirskie voprosy , 1909, no 19, p 33
37 jas of the revotionary faith (new york, 1980), ch 14; gaio, f 25, op 6, k 502, d 2960 (1906), l 17; a’, sibirskie voprosy , 1912, no 26, pp 14–15; a , pp 94, 96–7
38 garf, f 100, o 0, d 100, t 3 (1907), ll 301–301 ob
39 a , p 122; ‘bunt v tobol’skoi katorzhnoi tiur’a i ssylka , 1923, no 6, pp 199–203
40 gaio, f 226, op 2, d 108 (1912), ll 5, 11, 15–15 ob
41 daly 确信“肉刑几乎从没有用到政治犯身上”，但这些关于鞭打西伯利亚政治犯的例子与 daly 的确信相左。daly, ‘political cri’, p 91
42 ‘bunt v tobol’skoi katorzhnoi tiur’’, pp 209–10
43 ibid, p 209
44 gatovgt, f 151, op 1, d 10 (1907), ll 1–2; a , p 165
45 ‘bunt v tobol’skoi katorzhnoi tiur’’, pp 213–15
46 f savitskii, ‘aleksandrovskaia tsentral’naia katorzhnaia tiur’a’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1908, no 1, p 62; f kudriavtsev, aleksandrovskii tsentral (iz istorii sibirskoi kati) (irkutsk, 1936), pp 19–33
47 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 538, d 3754 (1908), ll 30–31
48 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 538, d 3754 (1908), ll 4–6, 28–30; rgia, f 1405, op 539, d 499 (1908), ll 1–1 ob; f savitskii, ‘pobeg arestantov iz aleksandrovskoi katorzhnoi tiur’y’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1909, no 5, pp 608–31; p fabrichnyi, ‘vooruzhennyi pobeg iz aleksandrovskogo tsentra’, kata i ssylka , 1922, no 4, pp 122–3
49 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 538, d 3754 (1908), ll 82, 87, 103–9; kudriavtsev, aleksandrovskii tsentral , pp 54–8
50 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 488, d 2665 (1906), ll 32–32 ob, 46–8 托博尔斯克省有一次同样暴力的逃跑活动，参见 gatovgt, f i151, op 1, d 7 (1907), ll 1–9。
51 gatovgt, f 171, op 1, d 137 (1909), ll 5, 9–13, 18; i p serebrennikov, ‘terroristicheskaia deiatel’nost’ ssyl’nykh revoliutsionerov v vostochnoi sibiri v )’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 340–41; d i erakovskii, turukhanskii bunt (o bunta’: karatel’nyi apparat tsarskoi rossii za poliarnyo’, sibirskaia ssylka , pp 137–44
52 ‘bunt v tobol’skoi katorzhnoi tiur’ei anisio zashchitnika o sudakh stolypa (osw, 1931), p 73
53 a p tolochko, ‘o roli terrora v deiatel’nosti eserovskogo podpol’ia v sibiri (1905-fevral’ 1917 gg)’, istoricheskii ezhegodnik (osk, 1997), pp 14–24; a a tsdik, ‘zapadnosibirskie esery i anarkhisty v period reaktsii 1907–1910 gg (voennaia rabota)’, oskii nauchnyi vestnik , 2009, no 5, pp 23–6; s v desiatov, ‘politicheskii ekstreubernii na prire boevoi deiatel’nosti partii tsialistov-revoliutsionerov (1906–1913 gg)’, oskii nauchnyi vestnik , 2013, no 3, pp 33–5
54 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 512, d 3227 (1907), ll 8–10
55 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 512, d 3227 (1907), l 19
56 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 507, d 3115 (1907), ll 18–21, 34–5, 52–4
57 gatovgt, f 151, op 1, d 15 (1907), l 2
58 t, f 151, op 1, d 15 (1907), l 4
59 gatovgt, f 151, op 1, d 15 (1907), l 3; i nk, ‘tobol’skii tsentral’, kata i ssylka , 1924, no 3, pp 167–73; v n gartevel’d, kata i brodiagi sibiri (osw, 1912), p 56; l klebort, ‘ravenstvo v bezpravii’, obrazovanie , 1909, no 3, p 28; gatovgt, f 151, op 1, d 20 (1908), l 1 ob; a , p 167
60 gatovgt, f 15, op 1, d 49 (1908), l 2; kallistov, ‘iz zhizni tobol’skoi kati’, p 230; gatovgt, f 151, op 1, d 15 (1907), l 4
61 gatovgt, f 151, op 1, d 15 (1907), ll 3 ob–5; garf, f 102, o o, d 9, ch 64 (1908), ll 11–11ob
62 a a tsdik, voennaia i boevaia rabota revoliutsionnogo podpol’ia v zapadnoi sibiri v 1907–1914 gg , kandidatskaia diss (osk university, 2002), pp 77–8
63 nk, ‘tobol’skii tsentral’, pp 176–7; p vitiazev, ‘paa i ssylka , 1923, no 6, pp 249–59; a p o ekstreo istoriko-kraevedicheskogo iliev’, tiurenyi vestnik , 1909, no 5, pp 576–7
64 ‘bunt v tobol’skoi katorzhnoi tiur’’, p 218
65 arf, f 102, op 265, d 881 (1913), ll 150–52; gaio, f 226, op 1, d 86 (1911), ll 3–5; gaio, f 266, op 1, d 33 (1909), ll 146, 149; gatovgt, f 331, op 16, d 20 (1909), ll 30–31
66 gaio, f 25, op 6, k 584, d 4678 (1912), ll 12–13; i bril’on, na kate vosporad, 1917), pp 127–36; a , p 81
67 gatovgt, f 1, op 1, d 1074 (1910), ll 1 ob–2 关于加图自杀对俄国的影响，参见 san k orrissey, suicide and the body politic ie, 2006), pp 53–60。
68 a n urav’ev, cheniia i pis’a (irkutsk, 1986), p 263；弗拉基米尔·科科索夫记录了其他革命者通过自杀来摒弃国家的宽赦的事例：v g korolenko, ‘bytovoe iavlenie’ (1910), ide, branie chenii , 10 vols (osw, 1953), vol 9, pp 487–8；t, f 1, op 1, d 1074 (1910), l 3。
69 see al cudia verhoeven, the odd an karakozov: iperial rsia, odernity, and the birth of terrorist, f 1, op 1, d 1074 (1910), l 4 ob
70 richard pipes, the rsian revotion, 1899–1919 (new york, 1990), ch 17; fis, a people’s trady , pp 635–42; helen rappaport, ekaterburg: the st days of the roanovs (london, 2009)
尾声 红色西伯利亚
1 garf, f 122, op 5, d 3307 (1917), ll 38–40; o gosudarstva i ee realizatsiia v sisteo nakazaniia v vide lisheniia svobody v period 1917–1930 godov (osw, 1992), pp 5–12; v n dvorianov, v sibirskoi dal’nei storone…(ocherki istorii politicheskoi kati ssylki 60-e gody xviii v–1917 g) (ala ivanova, bour ca the viet totalitarian syste, trans carol faith (aredy: the rsian revotion, 1891–1924 (london, 1996), ch 9
2 i i serebrennikov, ‘oi vospoaniia: 1917–1922’, hoover stitution archives, ivan i serebrennikov papers, box 10, p 8 [i a with this reference]; l v shapova, ‘aanizatsii penitentsiarnoi siste’, sibirskaia ssylka (irkutsk, 2011), no 6 (18), pp 170–80
3 p klia i ssylka , 1921, no 1, pp 8–20; g sandoa i ssylka , 1921, no 1, pp 41–4; p fabrichnyi, ‘tak bylo’, kata i ssylka , 1921, no 1, pp 45–9; jonathan d soverne, 2006)
4 anne applebau: a history (london, 2004); steven a barnes, death and rede of viet ciety (prceton, 2011); or’kii, l averbakh and s fir (eds), beloorsko-baltiiskii kanal i (osw, 1934; repr 1998), pp 593–5; alexander lzhenitsyn, the gug archipego: 1918–1956 , trans thoolfo alexopoulos, ‘destructive-bor ca lzhenitsyn’s py on words’, kritika: explorations rsian and eurasian history , vol 16, no 3 (2015), pp 499–526
5 dos, the decestoke, 2009), chs 4–5 《苦役与流放》杂志在1921—1935年发行。
6 jonathan daly, ‘political cri te iperial rsia’, the journal of odern history , vol 74, no 1 (arch 2002), p 93
7 ivan teodorovich, ‘avtobiografiia’, entsiklopedicheskii slovar’ granat , vol 41, part 3, appendix, pp 141–5; sarbeiter und verbannter der wjetunion: grundung, enickng und liidierung (1921–1935) (berl, 2009), p 442; l dolzhanskaia, ‘repressii 1937–1938 gg v e (eds), vseiuznoe obshchestvo politkatorzhan i ssyl’noposelentsev obrazovanie, razvitie, likvidatsiia, 1921–1935 (osw, 2004), pp 278–308